Abstract

This narrative review presents the theoretical construct of the Bayesian Brain for the field of learning. The objective is to contribute to the expansion and consolidation of learning processes. The review presents the history of the Bayesian Brain framework and the definition of its basic nomenclature. It also makes explicit its core concepts, such as predictive processing and Bayesian inference. To exemplify learning, we analyzed constructs related to how oral language is learned for greater clarity in the exploration of the possibilities of understanding that the framework enables within the scientific method. This implies the observation and experimentation of phenomena based on a principle that integrates perception, cognition and action. This new approach can feed the cycle of hypotheses and empiricism on which science is based so that scientific evidence in the area of learning can be aligned with recent advances in the understanding of brain functioning.